A clipboard is a thin board that is slightly larger than a pad of standard paper (A4 for example), with a large metal clip at the top. It is used to firmly support the pad of paper with one hand, allowing you to write on it with the other.
Clipboards are typically used in situations where one does not have access to a good writing surfaces or table.
Most common clipboards are made from an inexpensive material called Masonite or particleboard. Additional materials include aluminum, steel and cardboard. Plastic clipboards have also become quite common
There are two basic sizes for clipboards, A4 and Foolscap. In both cases, the board itself is actually a little bit bigger then a sheet of paper, usually by about 10mm or so.